Eczema - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, inflamed skin. It is common in children but can occur at any age.
Overview
Eczema affects approximately 15-20% of children and 2-10% of adults worldwide. In India, the prevalence is increasing, particularly in urban areas.
While there is no cure, eczema can be effectively managed with moisturizers, medications, and trigger avoidance. Most children with eczema outgrow it by adolescence, though some continue to have symptoms into adulthood.
Symptoms of Eczema
- Skin RashPrimary
A skin rash is a change in the color, appearance, or texture of the skin. Rashes can be caused by allergies, infections, autoimmune conditions, or other factors.
- Insomnia
Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting quality sleep, despite having adequate opportunity for sleep.
Causes of Eczema
Genetic factors (filaggrin gene mutation)
Immune system dysfunction
Environmental triggers (dust, pollen, pet dander)
Skin barrier defects
Food allergies (in some children)
Irritants (soaps, detergents, fragrances)
Stress
Climate and weather changes
Treatment for Eczema
Regular moisturizing (emollients)
Topical corticosteroids for flare-ups
Topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, pimecrolimus)
Antihistamines for itch relief
Wet wrap therapy
Phototherapy (UV light therapy)
Biologic therapy (dupilumab) for severe cases
Treating secondary skin infections
Prevention
Moisturize skin daily (especially after bathing)
Use mild, fragrance-free soaps and detergents
Avoid known triggers
Wear soft, breathable fabrics (cotton)
Keep nails short to prevent scratching damage
Manage stress
Avoid extreme temperatures
Use a humidifier in dry weather
Risk Factors
Family history of eczema, allergies, or asthma
Living in urban areas
Living in cold, dry climates
Female sex
Having other allergic conditions
Exposure to irritants
Stress
When to See a Doctor
See a dermatologist if eczema is affecting sleep or daily activities, home remedies are not helping, skin appears infected (oozing, crusting, fever), or if symptoms are spreading or worsening.
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Which Doctor to Consult for Eczema
If you are experiencing symptoms of eczema, you may want to consult a specialist in one of these areas:
Related Conditions
These conditions share similar symptoms with eczema and may be relevant:
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Migraine
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Depression
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities, affecting how you feel, think, and handle daily activities.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, causing the body's metabolism to speed up significantly.
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is an allergic response causing sneezing, congestion, itchy nose, and runny nose when you breathe in allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander.
FAQS
Eczema FAQs
Common questions about eczema.
No, eczema is not contagious. You cannot catch it from or spread it to another person. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect the skin barrier and immune system.
In some people, especially children, certain foods can trigger eczema flare-ups. Common triggers include dairy, eggs, nuts, soy, and wheat. An elimination diet under medical supervision can help identify food triggers.
Medical Disclaimer
The content provided on Zospital is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.