Psoriasis - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, causing cells to build up rapidly on the surface, forming itchy, dry, red patches covered with silvery scales.
Overview
Psoriasis affects approximately 2-3% of the global population. In India, the prevalence ranges from 0.44% to 2.8%. It most commonly appears between ages 15-35 but can develop at any age.
Psoriasis is not just a skin condition — it is an immune-mediated disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, psoriatic arthritis, depression, and metabolic syndrome.
Symptoms of Psoriasis
- Skin RashPrimary
A skin rash is a change in the color, appearance, or texture of the skin. Rashes can be caused by allergies, infections, autoimmune conditions, or other factors.
- Joint Pain
Joint pain is discomfort, ache, or soreness in any of the body's joints. It can be caused by injury, arthritis, infections, or other conditions affecting the joints.
Causes of Psoriasis
Overactive immune system attacking healthy skin cells
Genetic predisposition (HLA-Cw6 gene)
Triggers: stress, infections, skin injury (Koebner phenomenon)
Certain medications (lithium, beta-blockers, antimalarials)
Cold, dry weather
Smoking and heavy alcohol use
Hormonal changes
Treatment for Psoriasis
Topical corticosteroids
Vitamin D analogs (calcipotriol)
Topical retinoids (tazarotene)
Phototherapy (UVB, PUVA)
Systemic medications (methotrexate, cyclosporine)
Biologic therapies (adalimumab, secukinumab, ixekizumab)
Coal tar preparations
Salicylic acid for scale removal
Prevention
Moisturize regularly
Avoid skin trauma and irritation
Manage stress effectively
Limit alcohol consumption
Quit smoking
Maintain a healthy weight
Get moderate sun exposure
Avoid trigger medications when possible
Risk Factors
Family history of psoriasis
Viral and bacterial infections
Stress
Obesity
Smoking
Heavy alcohol consumption
Certain medications
When to See a Doctor
See a dermatologist if you develop red, scaly patches on your skin, if psoriasis is spreading or becoming painful, if joint pain develops (possible psoriatic arthritis), or if current treatments are not effective.
Need help with Psoriasis?
Talk to our care team — we'll help you find the right specialist near you.
Which Doctor to Consult for Psoriasis
If you are experiencing symptoms of psoriasis, you may want to consult a specialist in one of these areas:
Related Conditions
These conditions share similar symptoms with psoriasis and may be relevant:
Dengue
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing high fever, severe headache, body aches, and in severe cases, potentially life-threatening bleeding and shock.
Arthritis
Arthritis is a group of conditions involving inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling that can worsen with age.
PCOS
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, characterized by irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries.
Eczema
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, inflamed skin. It is common in children but can occur at any age.
Gout
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the blood, leading to sudden, severe attacks of joint pain, swelling, and redness, most often in the big toe.
Obesity
Obesity is a complex chronic disease characterized by excessive body fat accumulation that impairs health and increases the risk of numerous medical conditions.
FAQS
Psoriasis FAQs
Common questions about psoriasis.
No. While both cause skin inflammation, psoriasis produces thick, silvery scales on well-defined red patches, often on elbows, knees, and scalp. Eczema causes itchy, dry, rough patches, often in skin folds. The underlying mechanisms are different.
Medical Disclaimer
The content provided on Zospital is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.