Sinusitis - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
Sinusitis is inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses, causing nasal congestion, facial pain, and thick nasal discharge.
Overview
Sinusitis is extremely common, affecting millions of people annually. It can be acute (lasting less than 4 weeks) or chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks).
Most cases of acute sinusitis are caused by viral infections and resolve on their own. Chronic sinusitis may require more targeted treatment including nasal corticosteroids or surgery.
Symptoms of Sinusitis
- HeadachePrimary
A headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. Most headaches are not serious and can be treated with lifestyle changes and medication.
- Runny NosePrimary
A runny nose (rhinorrhea) is excess drainage of mucus from the nose, which can be clear, white, yellow, or green.
- Sore Throat
A sore throat is pain, scratchiness, or irritation of the throat that often worsens when you swallow. It is most commonly caused by viral infections.
- Cough
A cough is a reflex action to clear the airways of mucus, irritants, and foreign particles. It can be acute (lasting less than 3 weeks) or chronic (lasting more than 8 weeks).
- Fever
Fever is a temporary increase in body temperature, usually above 100.4°F (38°C). It is a sign that the body is fighting an infection or illness.
- Ear Pain
Ear pain (otalgia) is a sharp, dull, or burning pain in one or both ears. It can be caused by problems within the ear or referred from nearby structures.
Causes of Sinusitis
Viral infections (common cold)
Bacterial infections
Allergies (allergic rhinitis)
Nasal polyps
Deviated nasal septum
Tooth infections
Fungal infections
Immune system disorders
Treatment for Sinusitis
Saline nasal irrigation
Nasal corticosteroid sprays
Decongestants (short-term use)
Antibiotics for bacterial sinusitis
Antihistamines for allergy-related sinusitis
Steam inhalation
Surgery (functional endoscopic sinus surgery) for chronic cases
Prevention
Manage allergies effectively
Avoid upper respiratory infections
Use a humidifier
Practice nasal irrigation regularly
Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
Stay hydrated
Avoid pollutants and irritants
Risk Factors
Allergic rhinitis or hay fever
Nasal polyps
Deviated nasal septum
Asthma
Dental infections
Immune system disorders
Smoking
Frequent upper respiratory infections
When to See a Doctor
See an ENT specialist if sinusitis symptoms last more than 10 days, symptoms worsen after initial improvement, you have recurring episodes, or you experience high fever, severe headache, vision changes, or swelling around the eyes.
Need help with Sinusitis?
Talk to our care team — we'll help you find the right specialist near you.
Which Doctor to Consult for Sinusitis
If you are experiencing symptoms of sinusitis, you may want to consult a specialist in one of these areas:
Related Conditions
These conditions share similar symptoms with sinusitis and may be relevant:
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is an allergic response causing sneezing, congestion, itchy nose, and runny nose when you breathe in allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander.
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and irritation.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough with phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs but can affect other parts of the body.
Dengue
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing high fever, severe headache, body aches, and in severe cases, potentially life-threatening bleeding and shock.
Typhoid
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi, spread through contaminated food and water, causing prolonged fever, weakness, and digestive problems.
FAQS
Sinusitis FAQs
Common questions about sinusitis.
Bacterial sinusitis is suspected when symptoms last more than 10 days without improvement, symptoms worsen after initial improvement (double worsening), or symptoms are severe (high fever above 39C, severe facial pain).
Medical Disclaimer
The content provided on Zospital is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.